Universidade do Porto
CEAU-FAUP
The act of overlaying stones to build masonry structures is one of mankind’s most intuitive and resourceful achievements. Masonry buildings can be found all over the world, built with a wide diversity of materials and serving for all kind... more
The act of overlaying stones to build masonry structures is one of mankind’s most intuitive and
resourceful achievements. Masonry buildings can be found all over the world, built with a wide
diversity of materials and serving for all kind of purposes.
In rural northwestern Portugal, in a granitic highland landscape of scarce resources, for centuries,
local farmers used masonry in order to make the territory suitable for farming. In their effort to
increase production and, by doing so, to improve their living conditions, a specific mountain
agro-pastoral system was developed. Supported by communitarian labour, this system was based
on terrace farming and temporary mountain plateau settlements, called brandas, composed of
granite corbelled dome buildings. In spite of its perfect adaptation to the harsh local conditions,
this heritage’s morphological and typological diversity and constructive inventiveness is
endangered due to decades of rural exodus and, thus requiring urgent study and protection.
The research project aims to study this heritage from morphological, typological and constructive
points of view, with the objective of proposing guidelines towards its preservation. To achieve the
established goals, a four stage based methodology was established.
Literature review and fieldwork surveys were performed in the first stage, in order to identify
possible case studies. On the second stage, an exhaustive geometrical survey and a case study
analysis were undertaken and complemented with the local granite’s physical and mechanical
characterization. The third stage aims to do an overall structural safety evaluation of the corbelled
domes, based on numerical analysis. In the final stage, consolidation and preservation guidelines
to safeguard this architectural heritage will be proposed. This paper presents the results of the first
stage, along with a glimpse of the second stage.
resourceful achievements. Masonry buildings can be found all over the world, built with a wide
diversity of materials and serving for all kind of purposes.
In rural northwestern Portugal, in a granitic highland landscape of scarce resources, for centuries,
local farmers used masonry in order to make the territory suitable for farming. In their effort to
increase production and, by doing so, to improve their living conditions, a specific mountain
agro-pastoral system was developed. Supported by communitarian labour, this system was based
on terrace farming and temporary mountain plateau settlements, called brandas, composed of
granite corbelled dome buildings. In spite of its perfect adaptation to the harsh local conditions,
this heritage’s morphological and typological diversity and constructive inventiveness is
endangered due to decades of rural exodus and, thus requiring urgent study and protection.
The research project aims to study this heritage from morphological, typological and constructive
points of view, with the objective of proposing guidelines towards its preservation. To achieve the
established goals, a four stage based methodology was established.
Literature review and fieldwork surveys were performed in the first stage, in order to identify
possible case studies. On the second stage, an exhaustive geometrical survey and a case study
analysis were undertaken and complemented with the local granite’s physical and mechanical
characterization. The third stage aims to do an overall structural safety evaluation of the corbelled
domes, based on numerical analysis. In the final stage, consolidation and preservation guidelines
to safeguard this architectural heritage will be proposed. This paper presents the results of the first
stage, along with a glimpse of the second stage.
A região montanhosa transfronteiriça Gerês/Xurés (Reserva da Biosfera da UNESCO) caracterizou-se ao longo de séculos por uma economia rural baseada fundamentalmente na agricultura e na pasto-rícia. O uso sazonal do território, alicerçado... more
A região montanhosa transfronteiriça Gerês/Xurés (Reserva da Biosfera da UNESCO) caracterizou-se ao longo de séculos por uma economia rural baseada fundamentalmente na agricultura e na pasto-rícia. O uso sazonal do território, alicerçado na prática de uma transumância vertical entre aldeia e " branda " (ou curral) potenciou o aparecimento de peculiares formas arquitetónicas em alta montanha. Estas arquiteturas/abrigo, sitas em locais de difícil acesso, e erguidas com recurso exclusivo a materiais existentes no próprio local, eram materializadas através da utilização da técnica de falsa cúpula em granito. Desde o abrigo isolado, pequenas cabanas em currais, aglomerados de cortelhos em brandas de gado, ou construções (e conjuntos de construções), algumas com dois pisos, características das bran-das de cultivo, onde se verificava uma maior permanência das comunidades locais, observamos uma diversidade morfo-tipológica e construtiva, variáveis do mesmo sistema, reveladora de uma adequada relação entre forma, técnica e função. De modo a estudar este património vernacular em risco, desenvolveu-se um projeto de investigação multidisciplinar e transfronteiriço, através de uma parceria multi-institucional, na qual foi possível empreender um estudo sobre as várias dimensões deste património, desde a componente territorial, histórica e cultural, até questões puramente arquitetónicas e construtivas. Na primeira fase, efetuou-se uma revisão da literatura e uma identificação do território em estudo, seguindo-se, numa segunda, um exaustivo levantamento geométrico, com recurso à tecnologia de varrimento laser, complementado com ensaios de caracterização física e mecânica dos granitos locais. Numa terceira fase, efetuar-se-á uma análise de segurança estrutural deste tipo de construções, através do desenvolvimento de modelos numéricos específicos, e por último, serão elaboradas orientações respeitantes à proteção, consolidação e intervenção neste património. Sendo um projeto ainda em curso, neste artigo apresentam-se as considerações e resultados referentes às análises morfo-tipológicas e construtivas realizadas até à data.
"The use of non-intrusive digital technologies in Rock Art documentation as in other forms of art like paintings, sculpture, proto-sculpture or mosaics, as been applied by the authors in several projects, aiming the creation of digital... more
"The use of non-intrusive digital technologies in Rock Art documentation as in other forms of art like paintings, sculpture, proto-sculpture or mosaics, as been applied by the authors in several projects, aiming the creation of digital virtual models that can provide researchers a new interpretation support that allows detailed inspection as well as to develop a new method for future memory registry.
Two case-studies are presented: the nº1 Salgueiros stele, from Picote in Miranda do Douro, and the cave paintings in the shelter 7 at Regato das Bouças from Serra de Passos in Mirandela. In the first case a three-dimensional scanning was done aiming to assess the existence of engraved drawings and traces of molding. In what concerns the shelter 7, the preliminary results from a on-going project concerning the combination of multi-spectral photography and structured light three-dimensional scanning are presented, aiming to improve the spectral limits of human vision. As in the engravings case, the creation of a three-dimensional model is aimed in order to facilitate the drawings interpretation allowing simultaneously to understand the spatial relation between drawings, of these with the rock morphology and its distribution throughout the support."
Two case-studies are presented: the nº1 Salgueiros stele, from Picote in Miranda do Douro, and the cave paintings in the shelter 7 at Regato das Bouças from Serra de Passos in Mirandela. In the first case a three-dimensional scanning was done aiming to assess the existence of engraved drawings and traces of molding. In what concerns the shelter 7, the preliminary results from a on-going project concerning the combination of multi-spectral photography and structured light three-dimensional scanning are presented, aiming to improve the spectral limits of human vision. As in the engravings case, the creation of a three-dimensional model is aimed in order to facilitate the drawings interpretation allowing simultaneously to understand the spatial relation between drawings, of these with the rock morphology and its distribution throughout the support."
With this paper we are presenting a new promising approach to digitalization of radiographic image in film, using common photographic cameras as device to digitalize with different levels of exposure (allowing, in some cases, to read... more
With this paper we are presenting a new promising approach to digitalization of radiographic image in film, using common photographic cameras as device to digitalize with different levels of exposure (allowing, in some cases, to read information from the darker/denser areas of the image) and combining those images with the new technique of High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging, increasing this way the exposure latitude of the final image. This new approach is possible today because the most recent generations of image treatment software present this new feature. Examples of software presenting this tool are the market leader Adobe Photoshop (presenting this HDR capacity since CS2 version) or the most HDR specialized Photomatix, among others. The resulting images seem to show in some cases more interesting results than the single pass digitalization of images, with or without post-processing improvement, and can in some cases be a good alternative to the use of negatoscopes on the exam of radiographies.
The application of digital photography in the non-invasive examination and documentation of paintings and sculptures has had a growing interest in the Art World. With recent developments of digital photography some cameras present today... more
The application of digital photography in the non-invasive examination and documentation of paintings and sculptures has had a growing interest in the Art World. With recent developments of digital photography some cameras present today the ability to record images at different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, making it possible today to capture images in different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, either in the visible spectrum or in the spectrum of infrared and ultraviolet radiation. This allows to obtain images that some scientists describe as “multispectral images” (or, according to other authors, “multichannel images “), which allows the study of works of art in a non-invasive way, allowing the identification of degraded zones, retouches, underlying drawing, etc., complementing traditional exams already used in the study of works of art, as for example UV-fluorescence, IR reflectography and radiography. The present communication will show examples of experimental multispectral imaging studies conducted in wall paintings (prehistoric) and oil on wood paintings (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries). We also make mention here to the difference between this type of image-based exams and other exams known as multi- and hyperspectral analysis.
For many years filters like the Kodak Wratten E series, or the equivalent Schneider B+W 415, were used as standard UV cut filters, necessary to obtain good quality on UV Fluorescence photography. The only problem with the use of these... more
For many years filters like the Kodak Wratten E series, or the equivalent Schneider B+W 415, were used as standard UV cut filters, necessary to obtain good quality on UV Fluorescence photography. The only problem with the use of these filters is that, when they receive the UV radiation that they should remove, they present themselves an internal fluorescence as side effect, that usually reduce contrast and quality on the final image.
With this article we present the result of our experiences on using some innovative filters, that appeared available on the market in recent years, projected to adsorb UV radiation even more efficiently than with the mentioned above pigment based standard filters: the interference filters for UV rejection (and, usually, for IR rejection too) manufactured using interference layers, that present better results than the pigment based filters. The only problem with interference filters type is that they are sensitive to the rays direction and, because of that, they are not adequate to wide-angle lenses.
We have tested and compared for this article the internal fluorescence for three filters: the B+W 415 UV cut (equivalent to the Kodak Wratten 2E, pigment based), the B+W 486 UV IR cut (an interference type filter, used frequently on digital cameras to remove IR or UV) and the Baader UVIR rejection filter (we used two versions of this interference filter).
The final quality of the UV fluorescence images seems to be of a superior quality when compared to the images obtained with classic filters.
With this article we present the result of our experiences on using some innovative filters, that appeared available on the market in recent years, projected to adsorb UV radiation even more efficiently than with the mentioned above pigment based standard filters: the interference filters for UV rejection (and, usually, for IR rejection too) manufactured using interference layers, that present better results than the pigment based filters. The only problem with interference filters type is that they are sensitive to the rays direction and, because of that, they are not adequate to wide-angle lenses.
We have tested and compared for this article the internal fluorescence for three filters: the B+W 415 UV cut (equivalent to the Kodak Wratten 2E, pigment based), the B+W 486 UV IR cut (an interference type filter, used frequently on digital cameras to remove IR or UV) and the Baader UVIR rejection filter (we used two versions of this interference filter).
The final quality of the UV fluorescence images seems to be of a superior quality when compared to the images obtained with classic filters.
We characterize the first two shelters identified on Serra das Talhadas with prehistoric schematic paintings. The figures identified are limited to the points, bars and a possible representation of a bear. The lack of graphics painted on... more
We characterize the first two shelters identified on Serra das Talhadas with prehistoric schematic paintings. The figures identified are limited to the points, bars and a possible representation of a bear. The lack of graphics painted on quartzitic reliefs can be explained by the substitution effect exerted by the vast complex of prehistoric pictures of the Tagus, which focus on both banks of the river upstream and
downstream of the mountain Talhadas.
downstream of the mountain Talhadas.
The scientific session DocGraf '16 aims to be a forum for debate and discussion on the role of digital technologies in research in Architecture and Urbanism. In this first session experts from various fields of knowledge share experiences... more
The scientific session DocGraf '16 aims to be a forum for debate and discussion on the role of digital technologies in research in Architecture and Urbanism. In this first session experts from various fields of knowledge share experiences where the use of these new tools, specifically from the area of geomatics and computer graphics, proved to be a critical success factor in the projects in which have been integrated.
The session will also feature the presentation of the project Architectural Democracy that focuses on the relationship between architecture, technology and policy and its implications in the context of citizenship, architectural practice and urban policies. The line of research focuses on ways to use technology to transform buildings in "open-source" interfaces to improve citizens' understanding of the everyday built environment and, therefore, the quality of architecture and citizenship.
The session will also feature the presentation of the project Architectural Democracy that focuses on the relationship between architecture, technology and policy and its implications in the context of citizenship, architectural practice and urban policies. The line of research focuses on ways to use technology to transform buildings in "open-source" interfaces to improve citizens' understanding of the everyday built environment and, therefore, the quality of architecture and citizenship.
A AEAT tem investido, desde há algumas décadas, na identificação de pinturas rupestres pré-históricas na serra das Talhadas, com a convicção da sua presença, a exemplo do que ocorre noutras cristas quartzíticas do médio Tejo (San Pedro,... more
A AEAT tem investido, desde há algumas décadas, na identificação de
pinturas rupestres pré-históricas na serra das Talhadas, com a convicção da sua presença, a exemplo do que ocorre noutras cristas quartzíticas do médio Tejo (San Pedro, Envendos e São Mamede). No início fez-se prospecção sistemática de trechos de serra, com muito esforço e sem sucesso. Seguidamente adoptou-se metodologia selectiva com prioridade a locais de referência popular, a massas rochosas com abrigos, a penhascos com nome e a sítios de transposição da crista. Em 2011 foi publicada notícia sobre a descoberta dos dois primeiros abrigos naturais com pintura esquemática (Almourão 1 e Buraca da Moura 1), no concelho
de Proença-a-Nova. Em 2015, no âmbito do Campo Arqueológico de
Proença-a-Nova (CAPN), foram identificados dois novos sítios pintados
(Almourão 2 e Buraca da Moura 2). Nesta comunicação apresentam-se os novos abrigos e actualiza-se a representação de todos eles com a
aplicação de imagem espectral.
pinturas rupestres pré-históricas na serra das Talhadas, com a convicção da sua presença, a exemplo do que ocorre noutras cristas quartzíticas do médio Tejo (San Pedro, Envendos e São Mamede). No início fez-se prospecção sistemática de trechos de serra, com muito esforço e sem sucesso. Seguidamente adoptou-se metodologia selectiva com prioridade a locais de referência popular, a massas rochosas com abrigos, a penhascos com nome e a sítios de transposição da crista. Em 2011 foi publicada notícia sobre a descoberta dos dois primeiros abrigos naturais com pintura esquemática (Almourão 1 e Buraca da Moura 1), no concelho
de Proença-a-Nova. Em 2015, no âmbito do Campo Arqueológico de
Proença-a-Nova (CAPN), foram identificados dois novos sítios pintados
(Almourão 2 e Buraca da Moura 2). Nesta comunicação apresentam-se os novos abrigos e actualiza-se a representação de todos eles com a
aplicação de imagem espectral.
Resumo A fotografia multiespectral (do Ultravioleta ao Infravermelho, passando pelo espectro visível) e a termografia são importantes ferramenta na documentação e avaliação não-invasiva do estado de conservação de bens patrimoniais. Este... more
Resumo
A fotografia multiespectral (do Ultravioleta ao Infravermelho, passando pelo espectro visível) e a termografia são importantes ferramenta na documentação e avaliação não-invasiva do estado de conservação de bens patrimoniais. Este estudo apresenta resultados preliminares do uso inovador destas técnicas aplicadas ao estudo de edifícios, trazendo para o âmbito da Arquitectura, técnicas conhecidas e estabelecidas em outras áreas do conhecimento científico (p. ex. Arqueologia, História de Arte e Conservação e Restauro). Os resultados obtidos até agora permitem concluir que estas metodologias têm aplicabilidade prática na documentação e estudo de edifícios, com especial interesse para o Restauro e Reabilitação.
Abstract
Multispectral photography (from Ultraviolet to Infrared, including the visible spectrum) and thermography are important tools in documenting and non-invasive assessing the conservation status of Architectural Heritage. This study presents preliminary results of the innovative use of these techniques applied to the study of buildings, thus bringing to Architectural scope well-known techniques established in other areas of scientific knowledge (such as Archaeology, Art History and Conservation and Restoration). Present results allow us to conclude that these methodologies have practical use on building analysis and documentation, being especially interesting for Restoration and Rehabilitation.
A fotografia multiespectral (do Ultravioleta ao Infravermelho, passando pelo espectro visível) e a termografia são importantes ferramenta na documentação e avaliação não-invasiva do estado de conservação de bens patrimoniais. Este estudo apresenta resultados preliminares do uso inovador destas técnicas aplicadas ao estudo de edifícios, trazendo para o âmbito da Arquitectura, técnicas conhecidas e estabelecidas em outras áreas do conhecimento científico (p. ex. Arqueologia, História de Arte e Conservação e Restauro). Os resultados obtidos até agora permitem concluir que estas metodologias têm aplicabilidade prática na documentação e estudo de edifícios, com especial interesse para o Restauro e Reabilitação.
Abstract
Multispectral photography (from Ultraviolet to Infrared, including the visible spectrum) and thermography are important tools in documenting and non-invasive assessing the conservation status of Architectural Heritage. This study presents preliminary results of the innovative use of these techniques applied to the study of buildings, thus bringing to Architectural scope well-known techniques established in other areas of scientific knowledge (such as Archaeology, Art History and Conservation and Restoration). Present results allow us to conclude that these methodologies have practical use on building analysis and documentation, being especially interesting for Restoration and Rehabilitation.
Com esta notícia pretende-se divulgar quatro podoformos identificados nos concelhos de Castelo Branco e de Proença-a-Nova. O primeiro, associado ao topónimo Rasto da Moura, encontra-se junto da aldeia de Serrasqueira (Sarzedas, Castelo... more
Com esta notícia pretende-se divulgar quatro podoformos identificados nos concelhos de Castelo Branco e de Proença-a-Nova. O primeiro, associado ao topónimo Rasto da Moura, encontra-se junto da aldeia de Serrasqueira (Sarzedas, Castelo Branco) e o segundo localiza-se na aldeia de Pedreira (Proença-a-Nova), lugar actualmente despovoado.
SEBASTIAN, Luís (direção) - Quo Vadis. In Cadernos Conhecer Conservar Valorizar. Lamego: Direção Regional de Cultura do Norte/Museu de Lamego. n.º 2. 2017.
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