Maria Jesus Sanches

This text presents a synthesis of what is known of Palaeolithic rock art in Portugal. We observe, in Portugal, a great graphic homogeneity in pre-Magdalenian rock art and considerable differences between the southern and northern rock art during the Magdalenian. However, during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition, we recognize a new process of homogenization of Portuguese rock art. This evolution is, nevertheless, perfectly explained when we take into account the wider Iberian context of Upper Palaeolithic rock art.

The multidisciplinary study carried out at Crasto de Palheiros testifies to the local/regional importance of this site from the 3 rd to the 1 st millennium BC (Chalcolithic-Iron Age). Emphasis is on the overall picture obtained rather than on the specific data from each discipline. Food production is based on plant husbandry (wheat, barley, millet) and animal husbandry (cattle, goat/sheep and pig). Importance is given to the transformation of raw food into meals, based on the evidence from the material culture identified. A great level of continuity appears to have existed in the site from the 3 rd to the 1 st millennium in terms of consumed food products; however deep differences are noticed concerning their cultural integration. Resumo: Crasto de Palheiros (Murça, NE Portugal, 3rd-1st millennium BC): from archaeological remains to ordinary life. O estudo multidisciplinar desenvolvido no Crasto de Palheiros testemunha a importância local e regional deste sítio arqueológico desde o 3º ao 1º milenio AC (Calcolítico-Idade do Ferro). A ênfase é colocada no quadro geral obtido mais do que nos dados específicos de cada disciplina. A produção de alimentos é baseada no cultivo de plantas (trigo, cevada, milho) e criação de animais domésticos (bovinos, caprinos e suínos). Com base na evidência da cultura material identificada, é dada importância à transformação de alimentos crus em refeições. Do 3 º ao 1 º milénio, e em termos de produtos alimentares consumidos, parece ter existido no local uma acentuada continuidade; porém, notam-se diferenças profundas no que respeita à sua integração cultural.

The Foz do Tua Rockshelter is located in river Douro hidrographic basin. The rockshelter use, during prehistory, occurs according to a long-term chronology, which goes from 30 000/ 20 000 BP to 4 000 BP. There are also Contemporary engravings. Within Foz do Tua Ro-ckshelter we can count at about half a hundred of engraved and painted panels according to various techniques and compositions. The present paper exposes the investigation that has been made in Foz do Tua, describes its iconography and discusses the chronology of its panels/ motifs, based on the regional archaeological data available for Prehistory and Rock art of the northwest Iberia.

During the mitigation measures carried out prior to the construction of the Foz Tua dam, a rock shelter was identified bearing several styles of rock art of different periods. The results of this preliminary study  represented in this paper. The rock shelter will still be accessible after the construciton of the dam, as it is located outside the reservoir.

São apresentados neste paper/poster os resultados do estudo preliminar e identificação iconográfica dos desenhos do abrigo rupestre da Foz do Tua, ambos obtidos no contexto da investigação arqueológica relativa à minimização de impactes durante a construção da barragem da Foz do Tua (AHFT). Este abrigo ficará visitável após a construção daquela barragem dado que se situa fora da sua albufeira.

This paper will present the most extensive set of sites displaying post-glacier pre-historic rock paintings located in the Portuguese territory, specifically in the Serra de Passos/Sta Comba area of Northeastern Portugal. There, in Regato das Bouças during the passage of the 1980’s to the 1990’s, a wide group of sites had already been
identified; they were recorded using decalcs over plastic and were classified as Public Interest Real Estate (a Portuguese Heritage classification). Since the beginning of archaeological survey by the current team in 2010, many other shelters displaying schematic painting were found. Given the scientific necessity of its divulgence the
following article will focus on the distribution, spatial and topographic analysis of these painted surfaces as well as the divulgence of the recordings made by plastic decals during the 1990’s. It will present a brief description of the new shelters that will be shown here through photographs. It will also present a briefed general analyse of
this set of prehistoric paintings that we can already name as the “Portuguese Batuecas”.
Keywords: Recent prehistory, escarpments displaying rock paintings, schematic tradition paintings, painted.
[Este texto pretende apresentar o mais extenso conjunto de sítios com pintura rupestre pré-histórica pós-glaciar conhecido no território português, localizado na Serra de Passos/Sta Comba (Nordeste de Portugal). Foi ali identificado um alargado grupo no Regato das Bouças já na passagem da década de 1980 à de 1990, altura em que foi objecto de registo por decalque e de classificação como Imóvel de Interesse Público. Com o recomeço das prospecções pela presente equipa em 2010, muitos outros abrigos com pintura esquemática foram descobertos.
Dada a necessidade científica da sua divulgação o presente artigo focará a distribuição e análise espacial e topográfica das superfícies pintadas e procederá à divulgação dos registos por decalque realizados nos anos de 1990. Fará ainda a descrição sintética dos novos abrigos, que ilustra de modo fotográfico. Apresentará também
uma visão de síntese deste conjunto de pinturas pré-históricas que, com propriedade, já poderemos denominar de “Batuecas portuguesas”.]

eye-idols

During the mitigation measures carried out prior to the construction of the Foz Tua dam, a rock shelter was
identified bearing several styles of rock art of different periods. The results of this preliminary study arepresented in this paper. The rock shelter will still be accessible after the construciton of the dam, as it is
located outside the reservoir.
Keywords: Prehistory, rock shelter with rock art, naturalistic art, schematic art, abstract art.
São apresentados neste paper/poster os resultados do estudo preliminar e identificação iconográfica dos
desenhos do abrigo rupestre da Foz do Tua, ambos obtidos no contexto da investigação arqueológica relativa à
minimização de impactes durante a construção da barragem da Foz do Tua (AHFT). Este abrigo ficará visitável após a construção daquela barragem dado que se situa fora da sua albufeira.
Palavras-chave: Pré-história, abrigo com arte rupestre, arte naturalista, arte abstracta e arte esquemática.

This paper will perform the analytical synthesis of the set of sites that have bell beaker ceramics (campaniforme) in northern Portugal and the Douro basin region, briefly discussing the bases on which the previous interpretative proposals rests. With particular emphasis on two contexts – Crasto de Palheiros and Pastoria – as well as others that have C14 dates, we will argue that the manufacture, circulation, and use of bell beaker ceramics corresponds not to a unitary temporally short phenomenon, but rather a mutifaceted one given its long duration of about eight centuries (between about 2700 and 2000/1900 BC). So, our discussion would focus on the interpretative implications that may stem from this long term use.